
The Pacific War between the American and Japanese navies is now remembered as a carrier war. However, at the onset of the war, both navies expected that the conflict would be decided by a gigantic clash of battleships somewhere in the western Pacific. While both nations had been operating carriers since the early 1920s, it was envisioned that carriers would simply play supporting roles to the battle fleets. On the first day of the war, December 7, 1941, this assumption was proved to be incorrect. The war opened with a startling display of the power of carrier-launched aircraft, proving beyond a doubt that the battleship had been eclipsed by the aircraft carrier. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, home of the United States Navy Pacific Fleet, served notice that the carrier would be the principal naval striking power of the war. At Pearl Harbor, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) massed six fleet aircraft carriers into a single force, embarking over 400 aircraft. Achieving strategic and tactical surprise, the Japanese devastated the Pacific Fleet's battle line. Of the eight US battleships present, five were sunk and the others damaged. Fortunately for the Americans, the primary target of the Japanese attack, the Pacific Fleet's three aircraft carriers, was not present at Pearl Harbor that day. After Pearl Harbor, the US Navy was forced to abandon its prewar plans and instead centered its operations on its remaining carriers. Ironically, the IJN, having just demonstrated the striking power and range of the carrier, still clung to the notion that the war would still be decided by a clash of dreadnoughts.












