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2009-07-11

English Electric Aircraft and Their Predecessors


Howard Theophilus Wright was born at Dudley, Worcestershire, in 1867, the second child of Grace Elizabeth and Joseph Wright. He had an elder sister, Grace Ellen, and two younger brothers, Warwick Joseph and Walter Stanford. He was educated at Manor House School and served an apprenticeship at his father's works, Joseph Wright & Co, which was alongside the canal at Tipton, Staffordshire. In 1889, the part of the works known as the Boiler Yard was sold to Hiram S. Maxim (later Sir), an entrepreneur of many interests including aviation, and Howard Wright became its manager. This led, on 6 May, 1899, to the formation of the Maxim Electrical & Engineering Export Ltd, and Howard continued as manager of its engineering department. At the turn of the century the Wright family moved to London. By then Howard was actively assisting Maxim with designs for steam generators and boilers and with Maxim's aerodynamic experiments using a whirling arm, and he interested himself in turbines. Meanwhile, Warwick and Walter Wright had formed an agency to promote their interests in motor cars. In November 1904, Howard Wright's association with Maxim ended when Howard bought back his own goodwill upon liquidation of Maxim's company. On 31 July, 1905, the various businesses of the Wright brothers were brought under the control of one company—Howard T. Wright Brothers Ltd. The company was registered with an office at Belgravia Chambers, 72 Victoria Street, London, S.W. 1, and an authorised capital of £10,000. Howard Wright and James Nicholson, an engineer, were joint managing directors, Warwick was appointed manager, and Walter, secretary, Henry Claude Walker being elected chairman.

Waffen-Arsenal Band 161 - Sperrballone


In ihrer B-Ausgabe vom 28. Juli 1979 überschrieb "Die Welt" einen vierspaltigen Beitrag mit der Schlagzeile "Vor Ballons versagt die Spürnase". Die Unterzeile "Als Kopilot auf Übungsflug im Atombomber FB-111 über Maine" machte deutlich, was der Autor H. Joachim Maitre damit meinte: Im Verlaufe seiner Reportage über den Mitflug in diesem Überschall-Kampfflugzeug beschreibt erdessen hervorragende technischen Ausstattungen sowie Gefechtseigenschaften. Dabei beantwortet er seine selbst gestellte Frage, welche Waffen die FB-111 heute zu fürchten habe, so: "Sperrballons. Die Spürnase der Effbee versagt vor dünnen Drähten". Die möglicherweise ob ihrer Kuriosität gewählte Artikelüberschrift verdeutlichte schlagartig ein Problem, mit dem sich Experten der Luftverteidigung international gesehen nach dem 2. Weltkrieg immer mal wieder beschäftigt haben: Die Taktik aller Jagdbombereinsätzeging schließlich dahin, so tief wie möglich anzugreifen und damit das gegnerische Radar zu unterfliegen, den Fla-Raketen auszuweichen. Da wäre es für die jeweilige Luftverteidigung schon sehr hilfreich gewesen, mit dem in zwei Weltkriegen bewährten Mittel Sperrballon mindestens für eine große Verunsicherung der anfliegenden Besatzungen zu sorgen. Die Luftangriffsmittel wären so in eine größere Höhe gezwungen worden und somit leichter zu bekämpfen gewesen.

Kagero Topshots No. 11041 - Eurofighter Typhoon


The multi-role strike fig'hter airplane, the Eurofighter Typhoon (Ger. Taifun, It. Tifone, Sp. Tifon) is, and will probably remain for many years to come, the peak achievement of the European aerospace and arms industries. The initial concept works on the new generation fighter planes were undertaken by Western European countries already in the 1970s. The proper development of the Future European Fighter Aircraft (F/EFA) was initiated in early 1980s, but quickened only in January 1994, when the British, German, Italian and Spanish chiefs of staff (France withdrew from the program much earlier) established the operational requirements of the new aircraft. It was to be a two-engine one-seater aircraft (with the two-seater training-tactical option) capable of destroying both aerial targets on long distances and short distance maneuver warfare, as well as ground and surface attacks. The latest technical achievements and the most advanced technologies were employed in its construction. The aircraft was to be distinguished, amongst others, by the versatility of its basic version (i.e. there was not any need to design specialized versions), high reliability, significant resistance to damages and low running costs.

Focke-Wulf Fw 189


In the mid-thirties the German Air Force (Luftwaffe), as is well known, used bulky, strutted parasol Heinkel He 46 two-seaters for tactical or short-range reconnaissance (Nahaufklarung). Aircraft originating from pre-Luftwaffc times were not optimised for operating speed as well as self-defence, these types were thus outdated by this time. Attempted development of the existing concept brought by Henschel, in 1935, its Hs 122 of more streamlined form with a metal structure, powered by 580-660 h.p. BMW-Bramo Sh 22 also failed, bringing nothing new. Another step towards bettering the parameters of related aircraft configuration was represented by the Henschel Hs 126 powered by 830 h.p. BMW-Bramo 323 radial, reaching 208 mph level speed with a full load, out performing its Hs 122 predecessor by about 37-44 mph. The Henschel Hs 126 when introduced into service gained a good reputation during Spanish Civil War in 1938. but it was soon obvious that the concept of strutted highwings with a fixed undercarriage and opened cockpit was to be short-lived, not able to face the challenge of steadily improving fighter opponent.

Air Pictorial 1956 10


TAKING stock after this Seventeenth S.B.A.C. Display, the strongest impression—apart from the incredible dreariness of the weather—was one of the apparent soundness of the ancillary industry in general and of the engine manufacturers in particular. The engine makers one knew in advance had much to show, as was said last month, but a total of nine engines new to the show was an impressive number. New Engines. The new engines not already dealt with were, alphabetically, the de Havilland Gyron Junior and the Napier NRE19—both "small jobs" in their respective classes. The Gyron Junior follows the implications of its name by being a scaled-down supersonic turbojet—it is about the size of the Orpheus with, reputedly but strictly unofficially, the thrust of a Sapphire or an Avon. The design is based upon a large throughput of air (mass flow) with the low pressure-ratio required at Mach 2. It is a single-shaft engine with what appears to be a six-stage compressor with variable-incidence inlet guide vanes and a two- or three-stage turbine. The engine is almost parallel, with the jet pipe diameter only a little smaller than the air intake. Like the "Senior", the combustion chamber is truly annular and, in this case, it has thirteen fuel burners. The air intake casing forms an integral oil tank and there is a de-icing hot-air bleed from the rear of the compressor. The turbine casing has two curious external bracing flanges.

Military in Scale 12 2003


Tamiya's late Tiger I was groundbreaking when it came out in the late 1980s. It featured individual link tracks, even though they were DM quite accurate. It also featured in-house aftermarket upgrades in the form of photoetched engine grilles and turned brass ammunition. But perhaps most significantly of all. the late Tiger I was an all-new kit. Tamiya had not just revised its original early Tiger I, but had released a brand new model with state-of-the-art levels of detail. The late Tiger I went on to spawn all the major Tiger variants - initial production, early production, mid production and Sturmtiger. Although it is now around 15 years old, it is still a superb kit today. The kit can be built as either a late model or final model Tiger I. The major differences are the size of the muzzle brake and the turret roof details. Like most kits, Tamiya's late Tiger I will please most people as it comes, while superdetailers can use it as a platform to add whatever amount of extra detail they feel is appropriate. I carried out a fairly basic upgrade on my Tiger. adding new tracks and small resin details from Anvil Miniatures, etched engine grilles from Aber, a new gun barrel from Elefant. FineMolds' German AFV periscope set and finally two tiny wing nuts from ModelKasten.

Model Magazine International 147 - 01 2008


There's been somewhat of a resurgence of interest in model kits of artillery subjects of late, and Dragon have amply contributed to that revival with a string of '88' gun kits, all produced to an extremely high standard. Just received at the TMMI office is Dragon's newest addition to the line-up of heavy weaponry in the form of the German army's heavy field howitzer sFHl8, complete with limber for use when the gun is depicted in travel mode. Perhaps the first thing to report is that although they are shown on the boxtop artwork, no crew is provided, these having to be purchased separately. Open the box, and you are greeted by the now familiar carded packaging carrying the 'multi-media' parts of the model, namely the beefy turned aluminium gun barrel, flexible mouldings for the ammunition containers, two short lengths of brass tubing, two small PE frets, some waterslide decals and a sprue of clear parts for the sighting mechanism. The main parts of the kit reside across eight sprues of grey polystyrene, (the D' sprues are repeated), and there sure are a lot of parts! The howitzer is broken down very thoroughly into multiple component form, and because of Dragon's use of sacrificial mould-ejector pips' to limit the impact of ejector pin marks, there will be a fair bit of clean-up required before each part is ready to be glued to its neighbour.

Military Parade 03-04 1995


The Kurganmashzavod joint stock company dates to 1954 when the plant started making medium caterpillar artillery tractors. Between 1954 and 1967 the plant manufactured an appreciable number of ATS and ATS-59 tractors which found extensive use both in the country's armed forces and economy. An especially good performance was displayed by the ATS-59 tractors in oil field prospecting and development in Tyumen Region. The tractors were exported on substantial scale and ATS-59 model manufacture was licensed out to Poland. During artillery tractor manufacture, industrial production capacities were created at the plant and the professional skills of the design and production engineers and industrial personnel were raised substantially. In 1968 the plant switched to the production of the BMP-1 infantry combat vehicle. Manufacture of a new vehicle with far superior technical characteristics and production specifications than the artillery tractors was attributable to the comprehensive modernization of the plant, involving additional production capacities and consolidating design and process subdivisions of the plant. All this work was done concurrently with increasing output of the infantry combat vehicles and constant development of their modifications.

Radfahr Schwadronen


Wohl kein Einsatzmittel ist bei der Aufbereitung der deutschen Wehrgeschichte so sehr vernachlässigt worden wie das Fahrrad. Und doch beweisen zahlreiche Einsatzaufnahmen, daß das Fahrrad als Transport- und Fortbewegungsmittel seit der letzten Jahrhundertwende eine nicht unerhebliche Rolle im deutschen Heer einnahm. Insbesondere vor und im 1. Weltkrieg war das Fahrrad neben dem Pferd und den Bespannfahrzeugen das Transport- und Fortbewegungsmittel im Heer schlechthin. Auch im 2. Weltkrieg waren es noch Zehntausende deutscher Soldaten, die mit dem Fahrrad ins Feld zogen. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Buches liegt daher beim Truppenfahrrad, das bereits zu Reichswehrzeiten als Transport- und Beförderungsmittel eingeführt wurde. Erwähnt werden auch die Soldaten der Fallschirmtruppe mit ihren Klappfahrrädern und den dazugehörigen Abwurfgeräten so-wie die Angehörigen' des Reichsarbeitsdienstes, die ebenfalls zu vielerlei Einsätzen mit ihren Fahrrädern herangezogen wurden. Die Eingliederung des Fahrrades als schnelles Beförderungsmittel in das Heer geht bis in die letzten Jahrzehnte des vorigen Jahrhunderts zurück. Bereits zu dieser Zeit waren sich die militärischen Führer verschiedener europäischer Streitkräfte darüber einig, daß sich das Fahrrad als brauchbarer Gegenstand einplanen ließ. Ob allerdings nur als Beförderungsmittel für einzelne Ordonnanzen oder aber als Transportmittel für größere Truppenbewegungen, darüber gingen die Meinungen weit auseinander. In diesem Zusammenhang bildeten sich auch die beiden Begriffe Radfahrertruppen und Truppenradfahrer.

8,8 cm Flak 18-36-37


The gun was installed on a Lafettenkreuz 18 four-arm crossed shaped platform (leveling range: 2°), on which the top carriage was mounted. Leveling of the top carriage was achieved through the movement of the gun platform trunnion (leveling range: 5°). The barrel, provided with a removable liner rested in the cradle, each side of which was fitted with one spring-operated equilibrator. In traveling mode, the barrel elevation mechanism was uncoupled while the horizontal plane movement gear could be locked to prevent any unintended movement of the weapon. The manual aiming mechanism could be operated with two speeds. The intermediate gun aiming gear featured a Lampenempfanger light signal receiver, fitted with a cable with a torsional strength of two full 360° twists to either left or right, while the direct aiming instrument consisted of an indicator and a Flakzielfernrohr 20 gun sight. The automatic loading tray could also be hand-operated. When the barrel began to recoil after a shot was fired, the air in the pneumatic recuperator was compressed. During the final stage of barrel recoil, the air pressure accumulated in the recuperator was transferred to the rammer, which in turn pushed the next round into the loading chamber. Combat experience, however, proved this device to be inefficient (low rate of fire) and unreliable, which led to its subsequent removal from most of the guns. The weapon could be fired manually or automatically (Schlagziindschraube). The fuse setter was built around a lamp receiver provided with a dial face (for two rounds). For transportation purposes, the Sonderanhanger 201 (Sd. Ah. 201) Kruppsher Bauart trailer was used.

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