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2009-07-10

T-34 Mythical Weapon


Paging through the books on World War 2 history, be it great volumes written by professional historians with renowned names, or somewhat smaller ones written by passionate amateurs, general or detailed — it is very hard to find a single bad word written about the T-34. Each and every author who found it necessary to at least list the tank in a footnote, had praised it. This opinion is so widely recognized that it seems to have become etched in stone and is therefore indisputable. That overwhelming praise is so imposing that the T-34 is deemed to be a well-known tank, reviewed so many times that it yields no secrets. No one has even tried to find the other side of it, or for that matter — even to check if there were any dark sides to this wonder of 20th Century warfare. Phrases such as "One of the best tanks of WW2" is what most authors are content with, and deem to be an objective truth. However, the reality was quite far from that glamorous picture. The quality of a weapon system is judged not only by the design features, but also by the ability to use it, and by the quality of its manufacture. All of these are questions carefully avoided by the rank and file praise authors — and not without a reason. It is easier for mainstream historians to depict the colors flowing in the wind over the battlefields than to examine complicated and difficult matters of logistics and technology of warfare — all those minute details that shape the outcome of human conflict.

T-34 Bloody Peace-Maker Vol.III


The appearance, in 1943, of the new German tanks, Pz.Kpfw.V Panther and Pz.Kpfw.VI Tiger, created the need to increase the firepower of the Red Army's basic combat vehicle the T-34. It had become apparent that the shell of the 7.62mm cannon was not capable of penetrating the frontal armour of the enemy's tanks from long range. The idea of mounting a long barrel 7.62mm gun was deemed impractical, and the decision was made to design a new version of the tank armed with an 85mm canon. The new tank had a troublesome evolution, which was caused by various modernisation concepts for the 'thirty-four'. The T-34-85 arrived at Soviet units in the spring of 1944, and took part in all operations on the Eastern Front, ending their journey in Manchuria and Korea. During the Second World War, Czechoslovak, Yugoslav and Polish armoured units were equipped with tanks of this type. At the end of the war, 'eighty-fives' were to be found in the armed forces of every Warsaw Pact state, and were also exported to many African, Asian and even American countries. T-34-85's took part in local conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, Africa, in the Near East and Cuba.

Kagero Topshots 32 - T-34/85


The appearance of German PzKpfw V 'Panther', PzKpfw VI 'Tiger' and PzKpfw IV fitted with a long barrelled 75 mm cannon on the battlefields of the eastern front posed quite a challenge for the designers of the Russian T-34 medium tank. Since the new generation of the German panzers completely outgunned the original T-34/76 variant, Russians hastily sought a solution to counter this problem. In May 1943 the State Defence Committee of the Soviet Union decided to fit the T-34 with a cannon of larger calibre. The final choice fell on a 85 mm cannon. The first upgunned T-34s were coupled to the D-5T cannon; their production figure totalled some 800. This modification brought along a revised, enlarged turret and a more numerous, now five-member crew. The production of the redesigned T-34 commenced in early 1944 at Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 in Gorki. Meanwhile, a new, improved 85 mm ZiS S-53 gun was rushed into production. Henceforth, it became the standard main armament of all the newly built T-34s. With time the rest of the factories assembling T-34s switched to production of the new variant. Overall, a staggering 18,000 T-34/85S were built by the end of the war. Interestingly, due to varying degree of manufacturing limitations of these plants, tanks of various production runs differed considerably.

Die Leopard - Familie


Die Entwicklungsgeschichte des 'Standard-Panzers", wie der KPz LEOPARD 1 zunächst bezeichnet wurde, reicht bis in das Jahr 1955, dem Beginn der Konzept- und Definitionsphase, zurück. Im Anschluß an die Ergebnisse des ständigen Rüstungsausschusses der WEU wurde zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Frankreich ein Militärabkommen geschlossen mit dem Ziel, einen gemeinsamen Kampfpanzer zu entwickeln. 1958 schloß sich auch Italien diesem Abkommen an. Nach den im gleichen Jahr aufgestellten trilateralen Militärischen und Technischen Forderungen, stellten die deutschen Firmengruppen A (Porsche, Jung, MaK und Luther & Jordan) und B (Ingenieurbüro Warneke der Firma Ruhrstahl. Henschel und Hanomag) sowie auf französischer Seite das Atelier de Construction Mouli-neaux (AMX) jeweils zwei Prototypen her. Die erste trilaterale Vergleichserprobung der deutschen und französischen Prototypen fand im März 1961 in Frankreich (Bourges und Satory) sowie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Meppen) statt. Die Panzerentwicklung der deutschen Arbeitsgruppe C (Borgward), die für die damalige Zeit ungewöhnliche Ideen beinhaltete, mußte wegen des finanziellen Zusammenbruchs der Firma im Jahr 1961 abgebrochen werden.

Boulton Paul Aircraft Since 1915


Boulton Paul Aircraft, Boulton & Paul Ltd as it once was, or Dowty Boulton Paul as it is now, was never one of the giants of the aircraft industry, never a Hawker, a Bristol or an Avro. It never became a household name as they did, never produced an aircraft, except perhaps the Defiant, which everyone knew as a Boulton Paul product, yet it has been in the aircraft business for over three-quarters of a century since, in October 1915, it flew its first aircraft. It has managed to survive where more esteemed names such as Handley Page, Gloster and Martinsyde, have fallen by the wayside. Though now part of the TI Group, its factory at Pendeford, Wolverhampton, is still in production, when more famous factories at Hatfield, Kingston and Brooklands are gone. It has survived because it has always managed to find a niche, mostly by innovation and invention. It was a pioneer in metal construction, and other companies sought its expertise, it was a world leader in the development of powered gun turrets, and that led to it currently being a world leader in powered flying controls and fly-by-wire.

Air Pictorial 1956 05


The Americans enjoy a position of splendid geographic isolation, bordered as they are by the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Arctic wastes. Their defence requirements are basically, therefore, the long-range fighter and the long-range bomber. Great Britain, on the other hand, is close in to the European mainland, less than a thousand miles from Russia in the East and also very approachable from across the Arctic. Our prime need is for fast-climbing all-weather interceptors and medium-range bombers. The American strategic situation led first to the Boeing B-29—designed for the Pacific war but fitting exactly into the general picture—from which the Convair B-36 "global" bomber specification was evolved. The need to replace the limited performance of the piston engine by a jet bomber capable of a contemporary speed, despite all difficulties inherent in the high turbine fuel consumption, became obvious as the jet fighter came into its own after the war. The first large American jet bombers appeared rapidly after the war; mostly they were of conventional layout, but one, the Boeing B-47, was both original and advanced in its whole conception.

Military in Scale 11 2003


The annual War and Peace Show, held at the Hop Farm at Paddock Wood in Kent has an internationally-recognised reputation, which is justifiably deserved. Attracting many thousands of visitors and participants from all over the world this unique event celebrated its 21st anniversary over the five-day period 16 -20 July 2003. This year's attendance figures were just as impressive as always, with nearly 4000 vehicles on site, to make it the largest show of its type in the world. The vehicles ranged from the great to small ranging from bicycles to a full range of tanks, including M60 and M5 Light tanks, M8 armoured cars. German Hetzers and artillery. As usual the show came with all the surprises, thrills and excitement which one has come to associate with War and Peace, or Beltring, as it is popularly known, and makes it such a great place to take research photographs.

N-Scale 01-02 2009


Atlas Model Railroad Company has recently released a model of the EMD GP15-1. 1 picked up four undecorated units from my local hobby shop and decided to put them to the test. Right out of the box, I noted that the fuel tank is not a plastic shell snapped over the frame, but rather, is molded into the frame itself. This is a handy way for Atlas to save on cost while still providing the detail needed. A quick shot of "Grimy Black" and it will look as good as any plastic molding. Additionally, the horns and plows were in a little bag of parts for the modeler to apply. Applying these details is a simple task. While in the store, I also took a look at a painted version and noted that the paint was applied in a thin, but opaque manner so as to let the detail of the castings show through very nicely. Running qualities of my undecorated units are quite good. 1 was able to set the four units on my test track, separated by about 16", start them all together and have them maintain their separation for a few times around the loop. After I gave them an hour of break-in running forward, then another hour backwards, I tried the separation test again. This time there were two locos that ran slightly faster than the other two. I have two sets of two that run perfectly together as a duo.

Military Parade 01-02 1995


Today, naval forces or coastal guard ships are maintained by more than 160 countries. However only large marine powers possess developed ship-building industries with a capacity to build warships for their own needs and for export. Understandably, a modern warship is extremely sophisticated structure, designed to integrate critical science and technology advances. In the early 90s, the USA, USSR and the rest of the world each accounted for one third of output in the global shipbuilding effort. Warships and vessels for export have originated from national naval forces and directly from slipways of shipyards. The share of new-construction ships has risen dramatically in recent decades. Combatant and support ships with a displacement of over 100 tons are built for export by at least a dozen countries throughout the world. The number of importers of naval equipment is twice as large. On average, every fourth ship in the world is built for a foreign customer. Until recently, the Soviet (then Russian) shipbuilding industry was the leading exporter of ships, supplying foreign customers between 1981-1993 with about 150 combatant ships and boats - over 20% of the world's total for that kind of export products.. Russian-built warships and vessels are known to sport the colors of 35 world nations. In terms of export volumes, the world's second largest shipbuilding industry is Germany, with over half its capacity dedicated to fulfillment of foreign orders.

D-Day Juno Beach - Canada's 24 Hours of Destiny


The sixth day of June 1944 was D-Day. That day starting just after 0001 hours, the first Canadian, British, and American paratroopers jumped out of their transport aircraft into the black darkness over Normandy Their task was to open the long-expected attack against Hitler's Fortress Europa, an assault designed to liberate Western Europe from the oppressive, brutal, deadly, humanity-crushing rule of Nazi Germany. The paratroopers of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion, a strong part of the combined Canadian-British force that jumped out of the Dakota and Albemarle aircraft, were the first Canadian troops to land on French soil on D-Day Notwithstanding the horrendous handicap of the darkness and the confusion, the Canadians, while suffering major casualties, succeeded in gaining their assigned objectives east of the Orne River and north of Caen. H-Hour was the time designated for the landing of Canadian, British, and American troops at their assigned beaches, starting from the Orne on the east and reaching miles to the west to Sword (British), Juno (Canadian), Gold (British), Omaha (American), and Utah (American).

British Military Band Uniforms - The Household Divison


The Household Cavalry and the Brigade of Guards are unique to this country and nowhere else in the world can one see a finer display of military precision, pageantry and panache than when these famous regiments arc on parade in their ceremonial uniforms. Whether on the battlefield, or the parade ground, the Household Regiments arc impressive and are an integral part of our national heritage. The Regimental Bands have a universal reputation for their musical prowess. In the United Kingdom they provide the marching and mounted bands for all of Her Majesty's ceremonial occasions, such as Trooping the Colour, Beating Retreat and Guard Mounting duties. For State visits and Investitures at Buckingham Palace they provide orchestras and quartets. When not so engaged, they travel the country and abroad providing Dance and Concert Bands for all functions, attend broadcasting sessions for the radio and television, record their music onto records, tapes and compact disc, and in between find the time to practice on their instruments and train for their secondary role as medics!

Battleground Europe - Mons 1914


In the Province of Hainaut, and amongst the towns of the coalmining district of the Borinage, lies the ancient town of Mons, which can trace its origins back to the eighth century. It sits on a low hill and at an historical crossroads. Eighteen miles to the north is the battlefield of Waterloo, where the decisive battle of the Napoleonic Wars was fought almost a hundred years earlier; nine miles to the south is Malplaquet. Here, in 1709, the Duke of Marlborough won an enormously bloody victory against the French who had come to relieve the siege of Mons. Marlborough eventually captured Mons in the October. Mons retains, at its centre, much of its ancient charm; the town walls have been replaced by a ring road but the core area still has narrow, winding, cobbled streets, lined with ornate stone buildings. Nearby is the Headquarters of SHAPE [Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe], the military nerve centre of NATO.

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