In the late 1960s armies included in their inventories a substantial number
of operational air defense weapons, capable of intercepting high- and medium-flying aircraft rather effectively. This fact, coupled with the adoption of new more sophisticated airborne flight support means, facilitated extensive use of new tactics - air defense penetration at low and extremely low altitudes, using nap-of-the-earth flights, which enabled tactical aircraft to launch surprise attacks and stay in the air defense zone for a short time. During the same period a number of countries adopted fire support helicopters, capable of "jump-up" attacks, where they fired guided missiles with a range of 6 km. This created a new and serious threat for adversaries. Under these circumstances air defense weapons, directly protecting Army units on the battlefield, were required to provide a high firing rate, short reaction time, high maneuverability, mobility and operation on the move.
of operational air defense weapons, capable of intercepting high- and medium-flying aircraft rather effectively. This fact, coupled with the adoption of new more sophisticated airborne flight support means, facilitated extensive use of new tactics - air defense penetration at low and extremely low altitudes, using nap-of-the-earth flights, which enabled tactical aircraft to launch surprise attacks and stay in the air defense zone for a short time. During the same period a number of countries adopted fire support helicopters, capable of "jump-up" attacks, where they fired guided missiles with a range of 6 km. This created a new and serious threat for adversaries. Under these circumstances air defense weapons, directly protecting Army units on the battlefield, were required to provide a high firing rate, short reaction time, high maneuverability, mobility and operation on the move.
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