The role of the US heavy cruiser was fully defined during World War Two when most of the US Pacific Fleet was severely damaged at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on 7 December 1941. No heavy cruiser was damaged and all were able to carry the fight to the Japanese (and Germans) once the war plans were revised.Sail and steam powered the first cruisers; the sail for range and the steam for speed. By the early 1900s, thc sails were deleted and naval architects began to employ modern hull shapes. Wood-gave way to steel in the hulls, and more powerful rifled puns became available. This increase in firepower necessitated the need for additional armor plating.
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